According to a UNICEF report unveiled Monday (Mar. 6), 12 countries among whom 10 are in Africa are hardest hit by the global food and nutrition crisis among adolescent girls and women.
The report calls for governments, development and humanitarian partners and donors, civil society organizations and development actors to transform food, health and social protection systems for adolescent girls and women.
5.5 million pregnant and breastfeeding adolescent girls and women suffered of acute malnutrition in 2020, 6.9 million are now affected.
Undernourished and Overlooked: A Global Nutrition Crisis in Adolescent Girls and Women – issued ahead of International Women’s Day – warns that the ongoing crises, aggravated by ongoing gender inequality, are deepening a nutrition crisis among adolescent girls and women that has showed little improvement.
“Without urgent action from the international community, the consequences could last for generations to come,” UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell.
In Amboasary commune, southern Madagascar, Maho came to an hospital with her daugther and grandchild: “We are here because there is no rain and there is “Kere” (famine) in our community.”
“The lack of food in our community has affected our health. When my daughter gave birth, she did not have enough to eat and could not produce enough milk for her baby. The baby has severe forms of malnutrition because the mother does not have enough milk to feed him. Currently, both mother and child are not in good health.”
According to the report – an unprecedented and comprehensive look at the state of adolescent girls’ and women’s nutrition globally – more than one billion adolescent girls and women suffer from undernutrition (including underweight and short height), deficiencies in essential micronutrients, and anaemia, with devastating consequences for their lives and wellbeing.
Inadequate nutrition during girls’ and women’s lives can lead to weakened immunity, poor cognitive development, and an increased risk of life-threatening complications – including during pregnancy and childbirth – with dangerous and irreversible consequences for their children’s survival, growth, learning, and future earning capacity.
Globally, 51 million children under 2 years suffer stunting, meaning they are too short for their age due to malnutrition. Of those, about half become stunted while pregnant and the first six months of life, the 500-day period when a child is fully dependent on maternal nutrition, according to a new analysis in the report.
South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are home to 2 in 3 adolescent girls and women suffering from underweight globally, and 3 in 5 adolescent girls and women with anaemia.
In 2021, there were 126 million more food insecure women than men, compared to 49 million more in 2019, more than doubling the gender gap of food insecurity.
Scaling up effortsSince last year, UNICEF has scaled up its efforts in the countries hardest hit by the global nutrition crisis, including Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen, with an acceleration plan to prevent, detect, and treat wasting in women and children.
Among others measures the report urges governments, development and humanitarian partners and donors, civil society organizations to support:
-Prioritising adolescent girls’ and women’s access to nutritious, safe and affordable diets, and protecting adolescent girls and women from ultra-processed foods through marketing restrictions, compulsory front-of-pack labelling and taxation.
-Implementing policies and mandatory legal measures to expand large-scale food fortification of routinely consumed foods such as flour, cooking oil and salt to help reduce micronutrient deficiencies and anaemia in girls and women.
-Ensuring adolescent girls and women in low- and middle-income countries have free access to essential nutrition services, both before and during pregnancy, and while breastfeeding, including ante-natal multiple micronutrient supplements.
-Expanding access to social protection programmes for the most vulnerable adolescent girls and women, including cash transfers and vouchers to improve girls’ and women’s access to nutritious and diverse diets.
-Accelerating the elimination of discriminatory gender and social norms such as child marriage and the inequitable sharing of food, household resources, income and domestic work.
Additional sources • UNICEF
Malnutrition in mothers across 12 countries is rising, causing an alarming risk for the future health of both women and their babies.
The World Health Organization reports that almost half of all pregnant women in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen are facing serious nutritional deficiencies.
Malnutrition during pregnancy, which includes stunting, underweight, and anemia, is a significant risk factor to both mother and baby, leading to problems during childbirth and early life. This lack of nutrition during pregnancy can lead to a higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, both of which put the baby at higher risk of complications and contributing to a greater risk of death in early life.
The increase in malnutrition in these 12 countries is complicated and is an issue that can’t simply be solved overnight. Factors that lead to malnutrition are poverty, food insecurity, and a lack of access to programs and policies that would support healthy diets. While many countries are investing heavily in improving nutrition, many of these investments have been focused on the needs of children rather than pregnant women.
In order to address the problem of malnutrition in mothers, stronger and more focused policies must be put in place. The World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund are advocating for additional policies and programs that address the nutritional needs of pregnant women and mothers, including supplementing iron and folic acid, offering food vouchers, and providing more information about the importance of nutrition.
In addition to policy intervention, individuals can also play their part in helping address the problem of malnutrition in pregnant women and mothers. This can include supporting local food banks or providing financial support to organizations and charities that are committed to helping pregnant women and mothers receive the nutrition they need.
By providing policies and support to pregnant women and mothers, there is hope of reducing the high levels of malnutrition in these countries, leading to improved health outcomes for both women and their babies.
